Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (alpha-1-ARs) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. They activate mitogenic responses and regulate growth and proliferation of many cells. There are 3 alpha-1-AR subtypes: alpha-1A, -1B and -1D, all of which signal through the Gq/11 family of G-proteins and different subtypes show different patterns of activation. This gene encodes alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor. Alternative splicing of this gene generates four transcript variants, which encode four different isoforms with distinct C-termini but having similar ligand binding properties. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],
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Function:
Function:This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins.,PTM:Carboxyl-terminal Ser or Thr residues may be phosphorylated.,similarity:Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.,tissue specificity:Heart, brain, liver and prostate, but not in kidney, lung, adrenal, aorta and pituitary. Isoform 4 is the most abundant isoform expressed in the prostate with high levels also detected in liver and heart.,
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Cellular Localization:
Nucleus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell membrane ; Multi-pass membrane protein . Cytoplasm . Membrane, caveola . Location at the nuclear membrane facilitates heterooligomerization and regulates ERK-mediated signaling in cardiac myocytes. Colocalizes with GNAQ, PLCB1 as well as LAP2 at the nuclear membrane of cardiac myocytes.
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Tissue Expression:
Expressed in heart, brain, liver and prostate, but not in kidney, lung, adrenal, aorta and pituitary. Within the prostate, expressed in the apex, base, periurethral and lateral lobe. Isoform 4 is the most abundant isoform expressed in the prostate with high levels also detected in liver and heart.