This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. The enzyme encoded by this gene appears to mainly play a role in glycolipid biosynthesis. Two alternatively spliced transcrip
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Function:
Catalytic activity:UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine.,cofactor:Manganese.,Function:Responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids.,online information:Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4,online information:GlycoGene database,pathway:Protein modification; protein glycosylation.,similarity:Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 7 family.,subcellular location:Trans cisternae of Golgi stack.,tissue specificity:High expression in heart, placenta, kidney and pancreas; lower in brain, colon, lung, muscle, ovary, testis and uterus.,
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Cellular Localization:
Golgi apparatus membrane ; Single-pass type II membrane protein . Secreted .
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Tissue Expression:
Highest expression is observed in placenta, pancreas, kidney and heart (PubMed:9792633). Expressed in corneal epithelial cells (PubMed:17690104).
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Research Areas:
>>Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - keratan sulfate ;
>>Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series ;
>>Metabolic pathways