This gene encodes a member of the Ras family of small GTPases. The encoded protein undergoes a change in conformational state and activity, depending on whether it is bound to GTP or GDP. This protein is activated by several types of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and inactivated by two groups of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The activation status of the encoded protein is therefore affected by the balance of intracellular levels of GEFs and GAPs. The encoded protein regulates signaling pathways that affect cell proliferation and adhesion, and may play a role in tumor malignancy. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 14 and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014],
show all
Function:
enzyme regulation:Activated by guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEF) EPAC and EPAC2 in a cAMP-dependent manner, and GFR.,Function:Induces morphological reversion of a cell line transformed by a Ras oncogene. Counteracts the mitogenic function of Ras, at least partly because it can interact with Ras GAPs and RAF in a competitive manner.,similarity:Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.,subunit:In its GTP-bound form interacts with PLCE1 and RADIL. Interacts with SGSM1, SGSM2 and SGSM3.,
show all
Cellular Localization:
Cell membrane ; Lipid-anchor . Cytoplasm . Cytoplasm, perinuclear region . Cell junction . Early endosome . Recruited from early endosome to late endosome compartment after nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation. Localized with RAPGEF2 at cell-cell junctions (By similarity). Colocalized with RAPGEF2 in the perinuclear region. .