This gene encodes a serum protein found in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells. The protein has a predominantly beta-pleated sheet structure that can form amyloid fibrils in some pathological conditions. The encoded antimicrobial protein displays antibacterial activity in amniotic fluid. A mutation in this gene has been shown to result in hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014],
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Function:
Disease:Defects in B2M are the cause of hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia [MIM:241600]. Affected individuals show marked reduction in serum concentrations of immunoglobulin and albumin, probably due to rapid degradation.,Function:Beta-2-microglobulin is the beta-chain of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules.,online information:Beta-2-microglobulin entry,PTM:Glycation of Ile-21 is observed in long-term hemodialysis patients.,similarity:Belongs to the beta-2-microglobulin family.,similarity:Contains 1 Ig-like C1-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.,
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Cellular Localization:
Secreted . Cell surface . Detected in serum and urine (PubMed:1336137, PubMed:7554280). .; (Microbial infection) In the presence of M.tuberculosis EsxA-EsxB complex decreased amounts of B2M are found on the cell surface (PubMed:25356553). .