transferrin receptor(TFRC) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a cell surface receptor necessary for cellular iron uptake by the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis.This receptor is required for erythropoiesis and neurologic development. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
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Function:
Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes . Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferrin-receptor complex is then recycled to the cell surface with a return to neutral pH and the concomitant loss of affinity of apotransferrin for its receptor. Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system (By similarity). A second ligand, the heditary hemochromatosis protein HFE, competes for binding with transferrin for an overlapping C-terminal binding site. Positively regulates T and B cell proliferation through iron uptake . Acts as a lipid sensor that regulates mitochondrial fusion by regulating activation of the JNK pathway . When dietary levels of stearate (C18:0) are low, promotes activation of the JNK pathway, resulting in HUWE1-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the mitofusin MFN2 and inhibition of mitochondrial fusion . When dietary levels of stearate (C18:0) are high, TFRC stearoylation inhibits activation of the JNK pathway and thus degradation of the mitofusin MFN2 . ; (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for new-world arenaviruses: Guanarito, Junin and Machupo virus.
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Cellular Localization:
Cell membrane ; Single-pass type II membrane protein . Melanosome . Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV. .; [Transferrin receptor protein 1, serum form]: Secreted .