CD19 molecule(CD19) Homo sapiens Lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to various concentrations of different antigens. The ability of the B cell to respond in a specific, yet sensitive manner to the various antigens is achieved with the use of low-affinity antigen receptors.This gene encodes a cell surface molecule which assembles with the antigen receptor of B lymphocytes in order to decrease the threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
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Function:
Functions as coreceptor for the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) on B-lymphocytes. Decreases the threshold for activation of downstream signaling pathways and for triggering B-cell responses to antigens . Activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores . Is not required for early steps during B cell differentiation in the blood marrow . Required for normal differentiation of B-1 cells (By similarity). Required for normal B cell differentiation and proliferation in response to antigen challenges . Required for normal levels of serum immunoglobulins, and for production of high-affinity antibodies in response to antigen challenge .
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Cellular Localization:
Cell membrane ; Single-pass type I membrane protein . Membrane raft ; Single-pass type I membrane protein .
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Tissue Expression:
Ubiquitously expressed. Isoform 2 is also expressed in ovarian cancers.
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Research Areas:
>>EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance ;
>>Endocrine resistance ;
>>MAPK signaling pathway ;
>>ErbB signaling pathway ;
>>Ras signaling pathway ;
>>Rap1 signaling pathway ;
>>Calcium signaling pathway ;
>>HIF-1 signaling pathway ;
>>FoxO signaling pathway ;
>>Phospholipase D signaling pathway ;
>>Endocytosis ;
>>PI3K-Akt signaling pathway ;
>>Focal adhesion ;
>>Adherens junction ;
>>Gap junction ;
>>JAK-STAT signaling pathway ;
>>Regulation of actin cytoskeleton ;
>>GnRH signaling pathway ;
>>Estrogen signaling pathway ;
>>Oxytocin signaling pathway ;
>>Relaxin signaling pathway ;
>>Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action ;
>>Cushing syndrome ;
>>Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection ;
>>Shigellosis ;
>>Hepatitis C ;
>>Human cytomegalovirus infection ;
>>Human papillomavirus infection ;
>>Coronavirus disease - COVID-19 ;
>>Pathways in cancer ;
>>Proteoglycans in cancer ;
>>MicroRNAs in cancer ;
>>Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation ;
>>Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species ;
>>Colorectal cancer ;
>>Pancreatic cancer ;
>>Endometrial cancer ;
>>Glioma ;
>>Prostate cancer ;
>>Melanoma ;
>>Bladder cancer ;
>>Non-small cell lung cancer ;
>>Breast cancer ;
>>Hepatocellular carcinoma ;
>>Gastric cancer ;
>>Central carbon metabolism in cancer ;
>>Choline metabolism in cancer ;
>>PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer