MAPK8/9/10

catalytic activity:ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.,cofactor:Magnesium.,domain:The TXY motif contains the threonine and tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation activates the MAP kinases.,enzyme regulation:Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation by either of two dual specificity kinases, MAP2K4 and MAP2K7. Inhibited by dual specificity phosphatases, such as DUSP1.,function:JNK1 isoforms display different binding patterns: beta-1 preferentially binds to c-Jun, whereas alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta-2 have a similar low level of binding to both c-Jun or ATF2. However, there is no correlation between binding and phosphorylation, which is achieved at about the same efficiency by all isoforms.,function:Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN, JDP2 and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In T-cells, JNK1 and JNK2 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells (By similarity). Phosphorylates heat shock factor protein 4 (HSF4).,online information:C-Jun N-terminal kinases entry,PTM:Dually phosphorylated on Thr-183 and Tyr-185, which activates the enzyme.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.,similarity:Contains 1 protein kinase domain.,subunit:Binds to at least four scaffolding proteins, MAPK8IP1/JIP-1, MAPK8IP2/JIP-2, MAPK8IP3/JIP-3/JSAP1 and SPAG9/MAPK8IP4/JIP-4. These proteins also bind other components of the JNK signaling pathway. Interacts with TP53 and WWOX. Interacts with JAMP. Forms a complex with MAPK8IP1 and RGNEF (By similarity). Interacts with NFATC4.,

MAPKKK cascade, skeletal system development, ossification, protein amino acid phosphorylation, phosphorus metabolic process, phosphate metabolic process, apoptosis, induction of apoptosis, cell motion, intracellular signaling cascade, protein kinase cascade, JNK cascade, JUN phosphorylation, cell death, induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals, activation of pro-apoptotic gene products, response to radiation, response to UV, response to light stimulus,response to abiotic stimulus, response to inorganic substance, response to metal ion, regulation of cell death, positive regulation of cell death, programmed cell death, induction of programmed cell death, death, phosphorylation, peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation, peptidyl-threonine modification, stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,induction of programmed cell death in response to chemical stimulus, induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus, cellular response to stress, regulation of apoptosis, positive regulation of apoptosis, negative regulation of apoptosis, regulation of programmed cell death, positive regulation of programmed cell death, negative regulation of programmed cell death, response to cadmium ion, bone development, negative regulation of cell death,

Cytoplasm . Nucleus . Cell junction, synapse . In the cortical neurons, predominantly cytoplasmic and associated with the Golgi apparatus and endosomal fraction. Increased neuronal activity increases phosphorylated form at synapses (By similarity). Colocalizes with POU5F1 in the nucleus. .