Sample Type for Cell Culture Supernates, Cell lysates, Tissue Lysates, Serum, EDTA Plasma, Heparin Plasma

CD163

Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (Hemoglobin scavenger receptor) (CD antigen CD163)

CD163 ;
M130 ;
Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 ;
Hemoglobin scavenger receptor ;
CD antigen CD163

caution:It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-6 is the initiator. ,disease:The soluble form (sCD163) in plasma is a novel parameter in diseases affecting macrophage function and monocyte/macrophage load in the body. The concentration of sCD163 is probably reflecting the number of macrophages of the 'alternative macrophage activation' phenotype with a high CD163 expression playing a major role in dampening the inflammatory response and scavenging components of damaged cells. This has initiated a number of clinical studies for evaluation of sCD163 as a disease marker in inflammatory conditions e.g. infection , autoimmune disease , transplantation , atherosclerosis and cancer. ,domain:The SRCR domain 3 mediates calcium-sensitive interaction with hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes. ,function:Acute phase-regulated receptor involved in clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. May play a role in the uptake and recycling of iron , via endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin and subsequent breakdown of heme. Binds hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes in a calcium-dependent and pH-dependent manner. Exhibits a higher affinity for complexes of hemoglobin and multimeric haptoglobin of HP*1F phenotype than for complexes of hemoglobin and dimeric haptoglobin of HP*1S phenotype. Induces a cascade of intracellular signals that involves tyrosine kinase-dependent calcium mobilization , inositol triphosphate production and secretion of IL6 and CSF1. Isoform 3 exhibits the higher capacity for ligand endocytosis and the more pronounced surface expression when expressed in cells. ,function:After shedding , the soluble form (sCD163) may play an anti-inflammatory role , and may be a valuable diagnostic parameter for monitoring macrophage activation in inflammatory conditions. ,induction:Induced by anti-inflammatory mediators such as glucocorticoids , IL6 and IL10; suppressed by proinflammatory mediators like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) , Interferon gamma/IFNG , and tumor necrosis factor alpha. ,miscellaneous:Intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces a rapid rise of sCD163 in plasma of patient as it induces metalloproteinase-mediated shedding from monocytes surface. Long-term LPS infusion finally increases expression of the membrane-bound form on circulating monocytes. ,PTM:A soluble form (sCD163) is produced by proteolytic shedding which can be induced by lipopolysaccharide , phorbol ester and Fc region of immunoglobulin gamma. This cleavage is dependent on protein kinase C and tyrosine kinases and can be blocked by protease inhibitors. The shedding is inhibited by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase TIMP3 , and thus probably induced by membrane-bound metalloproteinases ADAMs. ,PTM:Phosphorylated. ,similarity:Contains 9 SRCR domains. ,subcellular location:Isoform 1 and isoform 2 show a lower surface expression when expressed in cells. ,subunit:Interacts with CSNK2B. ,tissue specificity:Expressed in monocytes and mature macrophages such as Kupffer cells in the liver , red pulp macrophages in the spleen , cortical macrophages in the thymus , resident bone marrow macrophages and meningeal macrophages of the central nervous system. Expressed also in blood. Isoform 1 is the lowest abundant in the blood. Isoform 2 is the lowest abundant in the liver and the spleen. Isoform 3 is the predominant isoform detected in the blood. ,

acute inflammatory response , defense response , acute-phase response , inflammatory response , response to wounding ,

[Soluble CD163]: Secreted .; Cell membrane ; Single-pass type I membrane protein . Isoform 1 and isoform 2 show a lower surface expression when expressed in cells.