RELA

Transcription factor p65 ;
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit ;
Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3 ;

NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. It is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by specific inhibitors. Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. NF-kappa-B is composed of NFKB1 or NFKB2 bound to either REL, RELA, or RELB. The most abundant form of NF-kappa-B is NFKB1 complexed with the product of this gene, RELA. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011],

response to reactive oxygen species, response to acid, regulation of cytokine production, liver development, hair follicle development, activation of innate immune response, pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway, response to molecule of bacterial origin, immune effector process, activation of immune response, positive regulation of immune system process, immune response-activating signal transduction, innate immune response-activating signal transduction, immune response-regulating signal transduction, transcription, regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent, regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, proteolysis, anti-apoptosis, defense response, inflammatory response, immune response, cellular defense response, response to oxidative stress,ectoderm development, aging, response to nutrient, positive regulation of cell proliferation, epidermis development,macromolecule catabolic process, response to radiation, response to UV, response to light stimulus, response to wounding, response to mechanical stimulus, response to virus, response to bacterium, response to abiotic stimulus,response to endogenous stimulus, response to hormone stimulus, positive regulation of biosynthetic process,regulation of catabolic process, negative regulation of catabolic process, positive regulation of signal transduction,negative regulation of signal transduction, response to extracellular stimulus, response to organic substance,response to inorganic substance, response to UV-B, response to organic nitrogen, positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process, positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process, negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process, regulation of protein kinase cascade, positive regulation of gene expression,positive regulation of cell communication, negative regulation of cell communication, positive regulation of cell development, positive regulation of protein kinase cascade, regulation of cell death, regulation of gliogenesis, positive regulation of gliogenesis, regulation of Schwann cell differentiation, positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation,response to organic cyclic substance, response to isoquinoline alkaloid, response to amine stimulus, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, molting cycle process, hair cycle process, protein catabolic process, membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis, positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process, positive regulation of defense response, response to nutrient levels, regulation of chondrocyte differentiation, positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation, response to lipopolysaccharide, response to progesterone stimulus, regulation of interleukin-12 production, response to insulin stimulus, response to vitamin, response to cobalamin, membrane protein proteolysis,response to cytokine stimulus, regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process, positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process, regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of protein catabolic process, negative regulation of protein catabolic process, molting cycle, response to drug, response to hydrogen peroxide, hair cycle, regulation of apoptosis, negative regulation of apoptosis, regulation of programmed cell death, negative regulation of programmed cell death,regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade, positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade,response to amino acid stimulus, response to morphine, response to alkaloid, positive regulation of DNA binding,response to peptide hormone stimulus, positive regulation of molecular function, cellular protein catabolic process,cellular macromolecule catabolic process, regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process, positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process, regulation of innate immune response, positive regulation of innate immune response, regulation of transcription, positive regulation of cell differentiation, regulation of glial cell differentiation,positive regulation of glial cell differentiation, positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent, positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process, positive regulation of transcription, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway, negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway, response to steroid hormone stimulus, positive regulation of response to stimulus, negative regulation of response to stimulus, regulation of neurogenesis, positive regulation of neurogenesis, positive regulation of immune response, regulation of transcription factor activity, positive regulation of transcription factor activity, positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity, positive regulation of developmental process, regulation of binding, positive regulation of binding, regulation of DNA binding, positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process, negative regulation of protein metabolic process, regulation of RNA metabolic process, positive regulation of RNA metabolic process, response to cAMP, proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process, defense response to virus, regulation of nervous system development, regulation of cell development, negative regulation of cell death, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway, response to interleukin-1,

Nucleus . Cytoplasm . Nuclear, but also found in the cytoplasm in an inactive form complexed to an inhibitor (I-kappa-B) (PubMed:1493333). Colocalized with DDX1 in the nucleus upon TNF-alpha induction (PubMed:19058135). Colocalizes with GFI1 in the nucleus after LPS stimulation (PubMed:20547752). Translocation to the nucleus is impaired in L.monocytogenes infection (PubMed:20855622). .