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PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer
Programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and its ligand (PDL1) are key regulatory physiological immune checkpoints that maintain self-tolerance in the organism by regulating the degree of activation of T and B cells amongst other immune cell types. In solid tumors, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway can be (mis-)used to silence the immune system by increasing the expression of PD-L1 on the tumor cell surface. Up-regulation of PD-L1 is caused by activation of pro-survival pathways MAPK and PI3K/Akt as well as transcriptional factors HIF-1, STAT3 and NF-kappa B. The MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways are activated by gene mutations and growth factors. PD-L1 on tumor cells may then engage the PD-1 receptors resulting in suppression of T-cell mediated immune response. Therapeutic antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway by targeting PD-L1 or PD-1 are highly effective in rescuing T cell anti-tumor effector functions.
Product List
    Catalog
    Product
    Reactivity
    Applications
  • HIF-1α (Mix-mA) Mouse mAb
    Human,Mouse,Rat
    IHC,WB
  • HIF-1α Rabbit pAb
    Human,Mouse,Rat
    IF,WB,IHC,IP,ELISA
  • HIF-1α (Acetyl Lys532) Rabbit pAb
    Human,Mouse,Rat
    WB,ELISA
  • HIF-1α Mouse mAb
    Human,Mouse,Monkey
    WB,IHC,IF,ELISA
  • Mouse HIF-1α(Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha) ELISA Kit
    Mouse
    ELISA
  • Rat HIF-1α(Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha) ELISA Kit
    Rat
    ELISA
  • Human HIF-1α(Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha) ELISA Kit
    Human
    ELISA
  • HIF1 beta protein
    Human
    WB,SDS-PAGE
  • HIF 1a protein
    Human
    WB,SDS-PAGE
  • HIF 1a protein
    Human
    WB,SDS-PAGE
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